1. The Living World

• What is ‘living’?
• Diversity in the living world
• Taxonomic categories
  • Species
  • Genus
  • Family
  • Order
  • Class
  • Phylum
  • Kingdom
• Taxonomical aids
  • Herbarium
  • Botanical Gardens
  • Museum
  • Zoological Parks
  • Key

2. Biological Classification

• Kingdom Monera
  • Archaebacteria
  • Eubacteria
• Kingdom Protista
  • Chrysophytes
  • Dinoflagellates
  • Euglenoids
  • Slime Moulds
  • Protozoans
• Kingdom Fungi
  • Phycomycetes
  • Ascomycetes
  • Basidiomycetes
  • Deuteromycetes
• Kingdom Plantae
• Kingdom Animalia
• Viruses, Viroids, Prions, And Lichens

3. Plant Kingdom

• Algae
  • Chlorophyceae
  • Phaeophyceae
  • Rhodophyceae
• Bryophytes
  • Liverworts
  • Mosses
• Pteridophytes
• Gymnosperms
• Angiosperms
• Plant Life Cycles and Alternation of Generations

4. Animal Kingdom

• Basis Of Classification
  • Levels of Organisation
  • Symmetry
  • Diploblastic and Triploblastic Organisation
  • Coelom
  • Segmentation
  • Notochord
• Classification of Animals
  • Phylum – Porifera
  • Phylum – Coelenterata (Cnidaria)
  • Phylum – Ctenophora
  • Phylum – Platyhelminthes
  • Phylum – Aschelminthes
  • Phylum – Annelida
  • Phylum – Arthropoda
  • Phylum – Mollusca
  • Phylum – Echinodermata
  • Phylum – Hemichordata
  • Phylum – Chordata

5. Morphology of Flowering Plants

• The Root
  • Regions of the Root
  • Modifications of Root
• The Stem
  • Modifications of Stem
• The Leaf
  • Venation
  • Types of Leaves
  • Phyllotaxy
  • Modifications of Leaves
• The Inflorescence
• The Flower
  • Parts of a Flower
• The Fruit
• The Seed
  • Structure of a Dicotyledonous Seed
  • Structure of Monocotyledonous Seed
• Semi-technical
• Description of a Typical Flowering Plant
  • Fabaceae
  • Solanaceae
  • Liliaceae
• Description of Some Important Families

6. Anatomy of Flowering Plants

• The Tissues
  • Meristematic Tissues
  • Permanent Tissues
• The Tissue System
  • Epidermal Tissue System
  • The Ground Tissue System
  • The Vascular Tissue System
• Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants
  • Dicotyledonous Root
  • Monocotyledonous Root
  • Dicotyledonous Stem
  • Monocotyledonous Stem
  • Dorsiventral (Dicotyledonous) Leaf
  • Isobilateral (Monocotyledonous) Leaf
• Secondary Growth
  • Vascular Cambium
  • Cork Cambium
  • Secondary Growth in Roots

7. Structural Organisation in Animals

• Animal Tissues
• Organ and Organ System
• Earthworm
• Cockroach
• Frogs

8. Cell: The Unit of Life

• What is a Cell?
• Cell Theory
• An Overview of Cell
• Prokaryotic Cells
  • Cell Envelope and its Modifications
  • Ribosomes and Inclusion Bodies
• Eukaryotic Cells
  • Cell Membrane
  • Cell Wall
  • Endomembrane System
  • Mitochondria
  • Plastids
  • Ribosomes
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Cilia and Flagella
  • Centrosome and Centrioles
  • Nucleus
  • Microbodies

9. Biomolecules

• How to Analyse Chemical Composition?
• Primary and Secondary Metabolites
• Biomacromolecules
• Proteins
• Polysaccharides
• Nucleic Acids
• Structure of Proteins
• Nature of Bond Linking Monomers in a Polymer
• Dynamic State of Body Constituents - Concept of Metabolism
• Metabolic Basis for Living
• The Living State
• Enzymes

10. Cell Cycle and Cell Division

• Cell Cycle
• M Phase
• Significance of Mitosis
• Meiosis
• Significance of Meiosis

11. Transport in Plants

• Means of Transport
• Plant-Water Relations
• Long Distance Transport of Water
• Transpiration
• Uptake and Transport of Mineral Nutrients
• Phloem Transport: Flow from Source to Sin

12. Mineral Nutrition

• Methods to Study the Mineral Requirements of Plants
• Essential Mineral Elements
• Mechanism of Absorption of Elements
• Translocation of Solutes
• Soil as Reservoir of Essential Elements
• Metabolism of Nitrogen

13. Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

• What do we Know?
• Early Experiments
• Where does Photosynthesis take place?
• How many Pigments are involved in Photosynthesis?
• What is Light Reaction?
• The Electron Transport
• Where are the ATP and NADPH Used?
• The C4 Pathway
• Photorespiration
• Factors affecting Photosynthesis

14. Respiration in Plants

• Do Plants Breathe?
• Glycolysis
• Fermentation
• Aerobic Respiration
• The Respiratory Balance Sheet
• Amphibolic Pathway
• Respiratory Quotient

15. Plant Growth and Development

• Growth
• Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation
• Development
• Plant Growth Regulators
• Photoperiodism
• Vernalisation

16. Digestion and Absorption

• Digestive System
• Digestion of Food
• Absorption of Digested Products
• Disorders of Digestive System

17. Breathing and Exchange of Gases

• Respiratory Organs
• Mechanism of Breathing
• Exchange of Gases
• Transport of Gases
• Regulation of Respiration
• Disorders of Respiratory System

18. Body Fluids and Circulation

• Blood
• Lymph (Tissue Fluid)
• Circulatory Pathways
• Double Circulation
• Regulation of Cardiac Activity
• Disorders of Circulatory System

19. Excretory Products and their Elimination

• Human Excretory System
• Urine Formation
• Function of the Tubules
• Mechanism of Concentration of the Filtrate
• Regulation of Kidney Function
• Micturition
• Role of other Organs in Excretion
• Disorders of the Excretory System

20. Locomotion and Movement

• Types of Movement
• Muscle
• Skeletal System
• Joints
• Disorders of Muscular and Skeletal System

21. Neural Control and Coordination

• Neural System
• Human Neural System
• Neuron as Structural and Functional Unit of Neural System
• Central Neural System
• Reflex Action and Reflex Arc
• Sensory Reception and Processing

22. Chemical Coordination and Integration

• Endocrine Glands and Hormones
• Human Endocrine System
• Hormones of Heart, Kidney and Gastrointestinal Tract
• Mechanism of Hormone Action