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..CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus
Higher Secondary Stage is the most crucial stage of school education because at this stage specialised
discipline based, content oriented courses are introduced. Students reach this stage after 10 years of
general education and opt for Chemistry with a purpose of mostly for pursuing their career in basic
sciences or professional courses like medicines, engineering, technology and studying courses in applied
areas of science and technology at tertiary level. Therefore, at this stage, there is a need to provide
learners with sufficient conceptual background of Chemistry, which will make them competent to
meet the challenges of academic and professional courses after the higher secondary stage.
National Curriculum Framework for School Education – 2005 recommends a disciplinary approach
with appropriate rigour and depth with the care that syllabus is not heavy and at the same time it is
comparable to the international level. It emphasizes a coherent focus on important ideas within the
discipline that are properly sequenced to optimize learning. It recommends that theoretical component
of Higher Secondary Science should emphasize on problem solving methods and the awareness of
historical development of key concepts of science be judiciously integrated into content. The present
exercise of syllabus development in Chemistry at Higher Secondary Stage is based on this framework.
1. The Solid State
- General Characteristics of Solid State
- Amorphous and Crystalline Solids
- Classification of Crystalline Solids
- Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells
- Number of Atoms in a Unit Cell
- Close Packed Structures
- Packing Efficiency
- Calculations Involving Unit Cell Dimensions
- Imperfections in Solids
- Electrical Properties
- Magnetic Properties
2. Solutions
- Types of Solutions
- Expressing Concentration of Solutions
- Solubility
- Vapour Pressure of Liquid Solutions
- Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions
- Colligative Properties and Determination of Molar Mass
- Abnormal Molar Masses
3. Electrochemistry
- Electrochemical Cells
- Galvanic Cells
- Nernst Equation
- Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions
- Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis
- Batteries
- Fuel Cells
- Corrosion
4. Chemical Kinetics
- Rate of a Chemical Reaction
- Factors Influencing Rate of a Reaction
- Integrated Rate Equations
- Temperature Dependence of the Rate of a Reaction
- Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions
5. Surface Chemistry
- Adsorption
- Catalysis
- Colloids
- Classification of Colloids
- Emulsions
- Colloids Around Us
6. General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
- Occurrence of Metals
- Concentration of Ores
- Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore
- Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy
- Electrochemical Principles of Metallurgy
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Refining
- Uses of Aluminium, Copper, Zinc and Iron
7. The p-Block Elements
- Group 15 Elements
- Dinitrogen
- Ammonia
- Oxides of Nitrogen
- Nitric Acid
- Phosphorus – Allotropic Forms
- Phosphine
- Phosphorus Halides
- Oxoacids of Phosphorus
- Group 16 Elements
- Dioxygen
- Simple Oxides
- Ozone
- Sulphur – Allotropic Forms
- Sulphur Dioxide
- Oxoacids of Sulphur
- Sulphuric Acid
- Group 17 Elements
- Chlorine
- Hydrogen Chloride
- Oxoacids of Halogens
- Interhalogen Compounds
- Group 18 Elements
8. The d-and f-Block Elements
- Position in the Periodic Table
- Electronic Configurations of the d-Block Elements
- General Properties of the Transition Elements (d-Block)
- Some Important Compounds of Transition Elements
- The Lanthanoids
- The Actinoids
- Some Applications of d- and f-Block Elements
9. Coordination Compounds
- Werner's Theory of Coordination Compounds
- Definitions of Some Important Terms Pertaining to
- Coordination Compounds
- Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds
- Isomerism in Coordination Compounds
- Bonding in Coordination Compounds
- Bonding in Metal Carbonyls
- Importance and Applications of Coordination
- Compounds
10. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Classification
- Nomenclature
- Nature of C–X Bond
- Methods of Preparation of Haloalkanes
- Preparation of Haloarenes
- Physical Properties
- Chemical Reactions
11. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
- Classification
- Nomenclature
- Structures of Functional Groups
- Alcohols and Phenols
- Some Commercially Important Alcohols
- Ethers
12. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
- Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
- Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones
- Physical Properties
- Chemical Reactions
- Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones
- Nomenclature and Structure of Carboxyl Group
- Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic Acids
- Physical Properties
- Chemical Reactions
- Uses of Carboxylic Acids
13. Amines
- Structure of Amines
- Classification
- Nomenclature
- Preparation of Amines
- Physical Properties
- Chemical Reactions
- Method of Preparation of Diazonium Salts
- Physical Properties
- Chemical Reactions
- Importance of Diazonium Salts in the Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds
14. Biomolecules
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Enzymes
- Vitamins
- Nucleic Acids
- Hormones
15. Polymers
- Classification of Polymers
- Types of Polymerisation Reactions
- Molecular Mass of Polymers
- Biodegradable Polymers
- Polymers of Commercial Importance
16. Chemistry in Everyday Life
- Drugs and their Classification
- Drug-Target Interaction
- Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs
- Chemicals in Food
- Cleansing Agents
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